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Doppler echocardiographic patterns of current echocardiographic tools in relation to the grading of LV diastolic dysfunction |
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| Parameter |
Normal pattern |
Pattern of abnormal relaxation (Grade I) |
Pseudonormal pattern (Grade II) |
Restrictive patterns (Grades III-IV) |
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|
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| E/A |
>1 |
<1 |
1 – 2 |
≥2 |
| DT (ms) |
160 – 210 |
>220 |
150 – 200 |
<150 |
| IVRT (ms) |
70 – 90 |
>95 |
60 – 95 |
<60 |
| S/D |
1.3 – 1.5 |
1.6 – 2.0 |
<1 |
0.40 – 0.60 |
| AR (m/sec) |
0.22 – 0.32 |
0.21 – 0.28 |
≥0.35 |
≥0.25 |
| Em (cm/sec) |
>8 |
<8 |
<8 |
<5 |
| Vp (cm/sec) |
>55 |
<45 |
<45 |
<35 |
| E/Em |
< 8 |
> 16 |
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| E/Vp |
> 2.5 |
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|
AR = Atrial retrograde velocity, DT = Deceleration time, E/A = Transmitral E/A ratio, E/Em = Transmitral early diastolic velocity to myocardial early diastolic velocity of lateral mitral annulus by Tissue Doppler, Em = myocardial early diastolic velocity by Tissue Doppler at lateral mitral annulus, IVRT = Isovolumic relaxation time, = Systolic velocity to diastolic velocity ratio by pulmonary veins assessment, Vp = Velocity propagation | ||||
Galderisi Cardiovascular Ultrasound 2005 3:9 doi:10.1186/1476-7120-3-9 |
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