|
Clinical variables and mitral inflow after coffee assumption, cigarette smoking, or both. Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics among groups after coffee assumption, cigarette smoking, or both. Abbreviations are the same used in Tables 1–2. |
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| Coffee assumption |
Cigarette smoking |
Coffee assumption and cigarette smoking |
Adjusted overall P valueb |
Interaction P valuec |
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|
|
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| Change from baseline |
P valuea |
Change from baseline |
P valuea |
Change from baseline |
P valuea |
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|
|
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| SBP (mmHg) |
+1.2% |
0.43 |
+8.6% |
0.0010 |
+4.8% |
0.17 |
- |
- |
| DBP (mmHg) |
+3.2% |
0.24 |
+7.6% |
0.013 |
+3.3% |
0.30 |
- |
- |
| HR (bpm) |
-3.2% |
0.19 |
+18.7% |
< 0.0001 |
+14.5% |
< 0.0001 |
- |
- |
| SO2 (%) |
-0.2% |
0.63 |
0.3% |
0.36 |
+0.2% |
0.58 |
0.62 |
0.52 |
| E (cm/s) |
-6.1% |
0.11 |
+2.6% |
0.80 |
+0.7% |
0.99 |
0.26 |
0.15 |
| A (cm/s) |
-8.3% |
0.06 |
-2.0% |
0.79 |
+9.3% |
0.81 |
0.29 |
0.22 |
| E/A ratio |
+4.8% |
0.19 |
+10.8% |
0.49 |
-2.7% |
0.71 |
0.68 |
0.39 |
| DT (ms) |
+5.1% |
0.99 |
-1.9% |
0.76 |
-7.8% |
0.15 |
0.34 |
0.28 |
| IVRT (ms) |
+3.8% |
0.60 |
+7.1% |
0.41 |
+5.1% |
0.36 |
0.28 |
0.92 |
|
a Calculated by within-group comparison with baseline value b P value for the overall effect of testing in the entire population, as determined by two-way ANOVA using a mixed model adjusting for heart rate and blood pressure c P value for differences in the effect of testing across groups, as determined by two-way ANOVA in a mixed model adjusting for heart rate and blood pressure | ||||||||
Giacomin et al. Cardiovascular Ultrasound 2008 6:9 doi:10.1186/1476-7120-6-9 |
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