Table 1 |
|
Common variables that affect Doppler patterns. |
| Technical factors |
| Image quality |
| Position of sample volume |
|
|
| Physiological factors |
| Heart rate |
| Respiration |
| Position |
| Preload |
| Valsalva maneuver |
| Age |
|
|
| Pathological causes |
| Non-cardiac |
| Obesity |
| Deconditioning |
| Chronic obstructive airways disease |
| Sleep apnoea |
| Renal failure |
| Cardiac |
| See Table 2 and Figure 6 |
|
Each of the factors mentioned could confound Doppler interpretation. So these factors should be eliminated or their effects should be factored in. The list is not exhaustive and the non-cardiac causes could also affect cardiac function. |
Thomas Cardiovascular Ultrasound 2008 6:59 doi:10.1186/1476-7120-6-59 |
