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Effects of LBNP on hemodynamic and Doppler indices in healthy young men (Mean ± SD , n = 12 ) |
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| LBNP (mmHg) |
HR (bpm) |
SAP (mmHg) |
DAP (mmHg) |
SVC(cm/s) |
TV(cm/s) |
Ratio Indices |
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|
|
|
|
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| S |
D |
AR |
E |
A |
S/D |
E/A |
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|
|
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| Baseline |
67 ± 10 |
128 ± 10 |
77 ± 5 |
59.6 ± 12.3 |
38.0 ± 7.1 |
22.8 ± 5.0 |
71.2 ± 8.1 |
41.0 ± 7.8 |
1.57 ± 0.19 |
1.79 ± 0.38 |
| -10 |
69 ± 10 |
128 ± 9 |
78 ± 5 |
50.2 ± 14.2* |
33.8 ± 7.7 |
19.2 ± 4.4* |
67.9 ± 8.9 |
41.6 ± 7.2 |
1.47 ± 0.18 |
1.67 ± 0.35 |
| -20 |
70 ± 7 |
126 ± 9 |
77 ± 4 |
50.0 ± 11.3‡ |
30.1 ± 6.9* |
16.3 ± 4.4‡ |
65.3 ± 9.0 |
41.0 ± 6.5 |
1.35 ± 0.14† |
1.62 ± 0.29 |
| -30 |
74 ± 10 |
125 ± 10 |
78 ± 6 |
36.7 ± 9.3‡ |
28.6 ± 7.6† |
14.0 ± 4.4‡ |
63.0 ± 9.1* |
41.7 ± 6.8 |
1.29 ± 0.14‡ |
1.54 ± 0.32 |
| -40 |
78 ± 8† |
123 ± 9 |
77 ± 5 |
31.0 ± 6.9‡ |
25.6 ± 5.5‡ |
12.0 ± 3.6‡ |
60.9 ± 9.5† |
42.0 ± 7.1 |
1.23 ± 0.20‡ |
1.48 ± 0.32* |
| -50 |
83 ± 8‡ |
119 ± 8* |
76 ± 5 |
28.0 ± 6.7‡ |
23.5 ± 4.6‡ |
10.2 ± 3.0‡ |
58.3 ± 9.7† |
43.7 ± 6.0 |
1.19 ± 0.16‡ |
1.36 ± 0.31† |
| -60 |
94 ± 9‡ |
118 ± 8† |
79 ± 6 |
26.1 ± 5.9‡ |
20.3 ± 4.1‡ |
8.4 ± 2.4‡ |
55.6 ± 10.2‡ |
45.3 ± 7.6 |
1.30 ± 0.23‡ |
1.26 ± 0.32‡ |
| Release |
60 ± 10* |
130 ± 9 |
77 ± 5 |
62.3 ± 12.5 |
40.7 ± 7.3 |
25.1 ± 5.1 |
72.4 ± 7.8 |
41.0 ± 7.8 |
1.53 ± 0.21 |
1.74 ± 0.35 |
|
"Release" refers to data measured at 3-min after LBNP release to baseline (0 mmHg); LBNP=lower body negative pressure; HR=heart rate; SAP=systolic arterial pressure; DAP=diastolic arterial pressure; SVC=superior vena cava; TV=tricuspid valve; S= systolic forward velocity of SVC; D= diastolic forward velocity of SVC; AR= atrial resversal velocity of SVC; E=early transtricuspid filling velocity; A=late transtricuspid filling velocity. *P < 0.05; † P < 0.01; ‡ P < 0.001; compared to Baseline. | ||||||||||
Liu et al. Cardiovascular Ultrasound 2006 4:23 doi:10.1186/1476-7120-4-23 |
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